Tous les cours ne sont pas nécessairement offerts chaque année. Les cours sont offerts dans la langue dans laquelle ils sont décrits.
Les cotes de cours entre parenthèses sont celles de la Carleton University. Un cours de 3 crédits de l'Université d'Ottawa correspond à un cours de 0.5 crédit à la Carleton University.
Not all of the listed courses are given each year. The course is offered in the language in which it is described.
Course codes in parentheses are for Carleton University. A 3-credit course at the University of Ottawa is equivalent to a 0.5-credit course at Carleton University.
CHM7999 (CHEM 5909) THÈSE DE MAÎTRISE / MSc THESIS
CHM8256 (CHEM 5801) SEMINAR I
CHM8257 (CHEM 5802) SEMINAR II
CHM8301 (CHEM 5001) ANALYTICAL MASS SPECTROMETRY (1.5cr.)
The principles of ion sources and mass spectrometers will be described, together with their applications to problems in chemistry and biochemistry. Introduction to the chemistry gaseous ions. Ion optics. Special emphasis on interpreting mass spectra.
CHM8302 (CHEM 5902) ADVANCED TOPICS IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY (1.5cr.)
Topics of current interest in inorganic chemistry. Variable content from year to year.
CHM8303 (CHEM 5204) DESCRIPTIVE ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY (1.5cr.)
Review of basic concepts of M-C bonds and of the preparation and reactivity of transition and non-transition metal organometallic species. Brief discussion of the most important catalytic processes (e.g. Ziegler-Natta, Fisher-Tropsch, catalytic hydrogenation and hydroformilation).
CHM8304 (CHEM 5901) ADVANCED TOPICS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (1.5cr.)
Topics of current interest in organic chemistry. Variable content from year to year.
CHM8305 (CHEM 5400) SYNTHESIS METHODS (1.5cr.)
Discussion of modern reactions and reagents and their development. Modern methods such as Evans enolates, catalytic processes, organometallic methods. Combination of methods for the preparation of complex molecules and building blocks.
CHM8307 (CHEM 5205) IONS AND IONIC PROCESSES IN CHEMISTRY (1.5cr.)
Properties of water, hydration of ions, ionic interaction, colloidal and polymeric electrolytes. Ionization processes in solution.
CHM8308 (CHEM 5002) MULTINUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY (1.5cr.)
Principles of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). Study of NMR parameters: chemical shift, spin-spin coupling, electric quadrupole coupling, spin-spin and spin-lattice relaxation rates. NMR and the periodic table. Dynamic NMR. Applications in chemistry and biochemistry. Fourier Transform technique. Pulse sequences. Basic principles and applications of two-dimensional NMR.
CHM8309 (CHEM 5903) ADVANCED TOPICS IN PHYSICAL / THEORETICAL CHEMISTRY (1.5cr.)
Topics of current interest in physical/theoretical chemistry. Variable content from year to year.
CHM8310 (CHEM 5007) INTRODUCTION TO PHOTOCHEMISTRY (1.5cr.)
Basic principles of photochemistry including selection rules, energy transfer processes and the properties of excited state reactions. Lasers and their applications to measurements of the dynamics of elementary reactions.
CHM8311 (CHEM 5008) ADVANCED AND APPLIED PHOTOCHEMISTRY (1.5cr.)
Photochemical reactions of small molecules and their relationship to atmospheric chemistry. Production and detection of reactive species. Photolysis. Multiphoton absorption. Prerequisite: CHM 8310.
CHM8312 (CHEM 5507) APPLICATIONS OF THERMOCHEMISTRY TO CHEMICAL PROBLEMS (1.5cr.)
Measurement of and interrelationship between molecular, radical and ionic enthalpies and their relevance to bond strengths and chemical reactivity.
CHM8313 (CHEM 5508) ION STRUCTURES IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (1.5cr.)
Examination of the significance of structure on the generation and behaviour of organic cations and anions in gaseous and condensed phases.
CHM8314 (CHEM 5504) SURFACE CHEMISTRY ASPECTS OF ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE (1.5cr.)
Introduction to electrode processes and electrolysis. Potential differences at interfaces. Characterization of the electrical double layer. Dipole orientation effects, charge-transfer in adsorbed layers, electrochemical origins of surface science concepts. Theory of electron transfer, electrode kinetics, electrocatalysis.
CHM8315 (CHEM 5505) ELECTROCHEMICAL SURFACE SCIENCE (1.5cr.)
Introduction to advanced in-situ techniques in electrochemistry: Scanning probe microscopy, Raman, infrared and laser spectroscopy. Prerequisite: CHM 8314, 8714.
CHM8316 (CHEM 5506) SURFACE CHEMISTRY (1.5cr.)
Adsorption phenomena and isotherms, surface areas of solids. Modern techniques in surface chemistry and surface science such as electron diffraction, Auger electron spectroscopy, photoelectron spectroscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, infrared and Raman spectroscopy. Current new techniques.
CHM8317 (CHEM 5104) IONIC REACTION INTERMEDIATES (1.5cr.)
Generation of ionic reaction intermediates in the condensed phase and their characterization by experimental techniques. Includes carbocations, zwiteerionic intermediates.
CHM8318 (CHEM 5103) FREE RADICALS (1.5cr.)
Photochemical generation of free radical reaction intermediates in the condensed phase. Techniques to be explored include laser flash photolysis, pulse radiolysis, esr, CIDNP and matrix isolation.
CHM8319 (CHEM 5403) TOTAL SYNTHESES (1.5cr.)
Discussion on philosophy and strategy development for complex syntheses, along with modern reagents and reactions that have shortened classical routes and lead to more efficient and atom economy.
CHM8320 (CHEM 5405) PERICYCLIC AND STEREOELECTRONIC EFFECTS (1.5cr.)
Pericyclic reactions, facial selectivity, stereoelectronic effects in carbohydrates and related acetal cleavage. Applications to complex synthetic problems.
CHM8321 (CHEM 5201) SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY (1.5cr.)
Thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of solid state synthesis. Characterization of solids. Chemical and physical properties of solids that may include aspects of intercalation reactions, ionic conductors, glasses, electronic, magnetic optical and physical/mechanical properties.
CHM8322 (CHEM 5203) TOPICS IN COORDINATION CHEMISTRY (1.5cr.)
Brief introduction to basic concepts in coordination chemistry. Topics to include the following: carbon dioxide fixation, dinitrogen fixation, activation, olefin metathesis, nature of the M-M bond.
CHM8323 (CHEM 5600) QUANTUM MECHANICAL METHODS THEORY (1.5cr.)
Examination of the theory behind quantum mechanical methods (HF, MP2, CI, DFT). Semi-empirical.
CHM8324 (CHEM 5601) QUANTUM MECHANICAL METHODS APPLICATIONS (1.5cr.)
Practical applications of methods taught in CHM 8323 such as thermochemistry, reaction pathway moeling, structure predictions. Prerequisite: CHM 8323 or 8723.
CHM8325 (CHEM 5003) SOLID STATE NMR SPECTROSCOPY (1.5cr.)
Brief introduction to solid state NMR spectroscopy. Topics include dipolar coupling interactions, chemical shielding anisotropy, the quadrupolar interaction and averaging techniques such as magic angle spinning.
CHM8326 (CHEM 5004) NMR SPECTROSCOPY (1.5cr.)
Advanced NMR techniques for both proton and carbon spectra, various decoupling and related experiments. Interpretation of NOSY, COSY and related data.
CHM8327 (CHEM 5005) PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (1.5cr.)
Hammet functions, transition state energies, stereochemistry of organic compounds, and mechanisms of organic reactions and their determination.
CHM8328 (CHEM 5401) APPLICATIONS OF ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY TO SYNTHESIS (1.5cr.)
Study of organometallic methods, many of which have become catalytic and involve metals such as Cu, Pd, Pt, Mo, Cr, Ru. Various applications to be discussed including Stille coupling, Heck reaction, ring closing metathesis.
CHM8329 (CHEM 5402) MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY (1.5cr.)
Preparation of drugs, their mode of action, their use in treating of disease. Evolution of medicine due to chemistry. Discussion of metabolic pathways and their modification to control and/or circumvent disease.
CHM8330 (CHEM 5404) HETEROATOMS (1.5cr.)
Focus on heterocycles. Reactivity of these heterocycles and their use for drugs and applications for the total synthesis particularly of alkaloids. Extensive examination of carbohydrate chemistry and other important oxygen heterocycles.
CHM8331 (CHEM 5300) PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES (1.5cr.)
Focus on how the application of physical techniques normally applied to small molecules, can be used to study macromolecular structure and function of DNA and proteins. Examples of applications to include: kinetics, electrochemistry, equilibria phemonmena (thermodynamics).
CHM8332 (CHEM 5301) ELECTROCHEMICAL PHENOMENA IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS (1.5cr.)
Description of theory accounting for the generation of membrane potentials. Application to the generation of nerve impulses.
CHM8333 (CHEM 5302) SURFACE PHENOMENA IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS (1.5cr.)
Description of theory of surface tension phenomena in aqueous systems. Discussion of effects of cell and macromolecular structures in biological systems.
CHM8334 (CHEM 5009) NOVEL ORGANIC AND INORGANIC MOLECULES AND RADICALS (1.5cr.)
Topics to include neutralization-reionization techniques as well as flash pyrolysis and matrix isolation studies.
CHM8335 (CHEM 5006) IONIC PROCESSES IN THE ATMOSPHERE AND INTERSTELLAR SPACE (1.5cr.)
Discussion on the importance of ionic reactions in the upper atmosphere and in the interstellar medium. Study of dynamics of ion-molecule reactions and of experimental and theoretical approaches used for studying them.
CHM8336 (CHEM 5604) NON-EQUILIBRIUM KINETICS (1.5cr.)
Gas phase chemical kinetics of elementary and complex reaction mechanisms, as seen from a microscopic viewpoint. Unimolecular and bimolecular reactions under conditions of non-Boltzmann energy distributions. Consequences for combustion and atmospheric chemistry, as well as for fundamental kinetics.
CHM8337 (CHEM 5605) NON-LINEAR CHEMICAL KINETICS (1.5cr.)
Principles of non-linear dynamics as applied to very complex chemical reaction mechanisms containing feed-back processes. Monotonic, oscillatory, and chaotic dependence of concentrations on time. Gas phase and liquid phase reactions.
CHM8338 (CHEM 5100) UNIMOLECULAR REACTION DYNAMICS: EXPERIMENT AND THEORY (1.5cr.)
Presentation of the theoretical models that have been developed for the understanding of unimolecular reactions, focussing on statistical theories such as RRKM theory. Experimental techniques for exploring the kinetics and mechanism of unimolecular reactions, including mass spectrometry, coincidence spectroscopy and ZEKE spectroscopy.
CHM8339 (CHEM 5105) HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS (1.5cr.)
Principles of catalytic reactions and topics in modern applications of catalysis. Bonding of substrates on surfaces; cluster-surface analogy; ensemble requirements; mechanisms of catalysis on metal and metal oxide surfaces.
CHM8340 (CHEM 5106) ORGANOTRANSITION METAL CATALYSIS: E-H BOND ACTIVATION (1.5cr.)
Focus on the catalytic activation of E-H bonds by soluble organometallic complexes. Examples to include hydrogenation, hydrosilation and hydroboration catalysis, hydroamination and hydrophosphination.
CHM8341 (CHEM 5107) TRANSITION-METAL CATALYZED POLYMERIZATION (1.5cr.)
Recent developments in polymerization catalysis via transition metal complexes, including insertion, metathesis, and atom-transfer polymerization. Brief overview of relevant concepts in polymer chemistry (e.g. molecular weight, polydispersity, living polymerization, the glass transition).
CHM8342 (CHEM 5200) CLAY MINERALS CHEMISTRY (1.5cr.)
Occurrence, classification and mineralogy of clay minerals. Intercalation processes and chemical modifications. Characterization of natural and modified clays. Industrial applications.
CHM8343 (CHEM 5202) CHEMISTRY OF THE MAIN GROUP ELEMENTS (1.5cr.)
Fundamental and applied aspects of main group element chemistry. Topics may include non-metal chemistry, main group organometallic chemistry, application of main group element compounds to 3 uses of main group element compounds in synthesis.
CHM8344 (CHEM 5602) COMPUTATIONAL APPROACHES IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY (1.5cr.)
Theory and application of methods used in the pharmaceutical industry including molecular mechanics.
CHM8345 (CHEM 5603) MOLECULAR ENERGY TRANSFER (1.5cr.)
Principles of energy transfer during non-reactive molecular collisions as deduced from experiment and theory, mostly in the gas phase. Translational, rotational, vibrational and electronic energies are discussed.
CHM8505 SYNTHÈSE ORGANIQUE (1.5cr.)
Stratégies de synthèse complexes. Réactifs et réactions permettant des synthèses simplifiées et plus efficaces.
CHM8508 SPECTROCOPIE PAR RÉSONANCE MAGNÉTIQUE MULTINUCLÉAIRE (1.5cr.)
Principes de la résonance magnétique nucléaire (RMN). Étude des paramètres de la RMN : déplacement chimique, couplage spin-spin, couplage quadripolaire électrique, vitesses de relaxation spin-spin et spin-réseau. RMN et tableau périodique. RMN appliquée aux processus d'échange. Applications en chimie et biochimie. Technique de transformée de Fourier. Séquences de pulse. Principe de base et applications de la RMN à deux dimensions.
CHM8714 ÉLECTROCHIMIE INTERFACIALE (1.5cr.)
Introduction aux processus électrochimiques. Double couche électrique. Transfert de charge. Théorie du transfert d'électrons, cinétique électrochimie et électrocatalyse. French equivalent of CHM 8314.
CHM8722 SUJETS CHOISIS DE LA CHIMIE DE COORDINATION (1.5cr.)
Introduction des concepts fondamentaux de la chimie de coordination. Discussions des sujets suivants : fixation du dioxyde de carbone et de l'azote, activation, méthathèse d'oléfines, liaison métal-métal.
CHM8723 MÉTHODES DE LA MÉCANIQUE QUANTIQUE THÉORIE (1.5cr.)
Description de la théorie sur laquelle sont basées les méthodes de chimie quantique (HF, MPS, CI, DFT). French equivalent of CHM 8323.
CHM8958 PROJET DE RECHERCHE / RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Préparation d'un projet de recherche, sans rapport avec le sujet de thèse, à soutenir oralement devant un comité d'examen. L'étudiant doit démontrer sa capacité à défendre et justifier le mérite scientifique, la méthodologie, l'importance et la nouveauté du projet. Il doit réussir ce cours dans l'année qui suit la réussite de l'examen général. Les étudiants dont les résultats ne seraient pas satisfaisants peuvent se réinscrire une fois et doivent alors réussir en une session / Preparation of a research project, unrelated to the thesis topic, to be defended orally before an examining committee. Student required to demonstrate the ability to defend and justify the scientific merit, methodology, importance, and novelty of the project. Must be completed within one year of passing the comprehensive examination. Students who fail this activity may re-register for it once and must then successfully complete it within one session.
CHM9998 EXAMEN DE SYNTHÈSE DE DOCTORAT / PhD COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION
CHM9999 (CHEM 6909) THÈSE DE DOCTORAT / PhD THESIS
PHY5130 (PHYJ 5001) EXPERIMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES IN MATERIALS SCIENCE, PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, AND MINERALOGY (3cr.)
Survey of experimental techniques used in materials science, condensed matter physics, solid state chemistry, and mineralogy to characterize materials and solid substances. Diffraction (X-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction...). Spectroscopy (infra-red spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, Mössbauer spectroscopy, electron spin resonance...). Microscopy and imaging (scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, optical microscopy, magnetic resonance imaging...). Other analytic techniques (thermal analysis, wet chemistry, bulk thermodynamic properties, linear response and dc susceptibility...).
Cours offerts à la Carleton University / Courses offered at Carleton University
CHM5105 (CHEM5905) RADIOCHEMISTRY (3cr.)
A study of nuclear stability and decay; chemical studies of nuclear phenomena. Application of radioactivity. Prerequisites: permission of the Department.
CHM8104 (CHEM 5904) SCIENTIFIC DATA PROCESSING AND EVALUATION (3cr.)
Optimization of scientific measurements, calibration, uni-variate and multi-variate analysis of scientific data, 'intelligent' spreadsheets for scientific data processing and presentation, noise reduction using spreadsheets, correction for signal drifts; examples from chemistry, spectroscopy and other scientific disciplines. Prerequisites: CHEM 4301 or CHM 4315 or permission of the Department.
CHM8126 (CHEM 5303) BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY (3cr.)
Overview of recent developments in the mechanistic understanding of selected enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Topics include Cytochrome P450, methane monooxygenase, biotin and lipoic acid biosynthesis, methyl transfer, Vitamin B12, lipoxygenase, prostaglandin synthase; etc. Emphasis will be placed on biotransformations which are relatively poorly understood from a mechanistic point of view.
CHM8134 (CHEM 5407) SPECTROSCOPY FOR ORGANIC CHEMISTS (3cr.)
Analysis of proton NMR spectra. Fourier transform 13C NMR, strategies for structure elucidation, relaxation times, two-dimensional NMR. Aspects of mass spectrometry.
CHM8150 (CHEM5009) SPECIAL TOPICS IN MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY (3cr.)
Topics of current interest in molecular spectroscopy. In past years, the following areas have been covered: Electronic spectra of diatomic and triatomic molecules and their interpretation using molecular orbital diagrams; Raman and resonance Raman spectroscopy; symmetry aspects of vibrational and electronic levels of ions and molecules in solids in the presence of weak and strong resonant laser radiation.
CHM8156 (CHEM 5708) PRINCIPLES OF TOXICOLOGY (3cr.)
The basic theorems of toxicology with examples of current research problems. The concepts of exposure, hazard and risk assessment will be defined and illustrated with experimental material from some of the more dynamic areas of modern research.
CHM8157 (CHEM 5709) CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY (3cr.)
Advanced course in chemical toxicology dealing with both chemical hazard and exposure. Overview of the empirical data relating to the toxicity of various classes of chemicals to test organisms, followed by the study of toxicity at the cellular level, including studies of interactions between toxic substances and enzymatic systems. Data applicable to the interpretation and monitoring of the new WHMIS health regulations. Initial events in enzyme induction and muta-genesis. Study of predictive capabilities in the areas of structure-activity relationships and mechanisms of enzyme induction are considered, followed by an assessment of mechanisms of exposure to toxic chemicals.
CHM8158 (CHEM5900) DIRECTED SPECIAL STUDIES (3cr.)
Under unusual circumstances and with the recommendation of the research supervisor, it is possible to engage in a directed study on a topic of particular value to the student. This may also be used for credit if there are insufficient course offerings in a particular field of chemistry.
CHM8164 (CHEM 5406) ORGANIC POLYMER CHEMISTRY (3cr.)
Basic principles of industrial and synthetic polymers. Polymerization and polymer characterization. Selected topics to cover some important polymers with emphasis on the synthesis, commodity plastics, engineering thermoplastics and specialty polymers. Students should have a basic knowledge of organic reaction mechanisms and stereochemistry. Previously offered at University of Ottawa. Revised description and prerequisites.
CHM8167 (CHEM 5805) SEMINAR IN TOXICOLOGY (3cr.)
A one-session course in seminar format highlighting current topics in toxicology. The student will present a seminar and submit a report on the seminar topics. Student, faculty and invited seminar speakers.
CHM8181 (CHEM 5101) CHEMICAL PHYSICS OF ELECTRON-MOLECULE COLLISIONS (3cr.)
Basic classical scattering theory and quantum mechanical scattering theory. Experimental aspects, such as electron optics, electron gun fundamentals, energy analyzers and electron detectors. Applications to the understanding of the chemistry of materials.
CHM8346 (CHEM 5102) SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS (1.5cr.)
Fundamental and practical aspects of the uses of supercritical fluids in the chemistry laboratory. Thermodynamic treatment of high pressure multicomponent phase equilibria, transport properties, solubilities, supercritical fluid extraction and chromatography for analytical purposes, reactions in supercritical fluids, equipment considerations, new developments.
CHM8347 (CHEM 5309) ELECTRON TRANSFER: THEORY AND EXPERIMENT (1.5cr.)
The development of classical, semi-classical and quantum mechanical electronic transfer models is described. In addition, the course will examine recent experimental results and the application of electron transfer theory to biological systems.
CHM8348 (CHEM 5500) ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTATION (1.5cr.)
Principles of modern electronics, devices and instruments. Measurement of photonic and electrochemical signals. Conditioning of signals for feedback control and microcomputer interfacing. Computational data analysis techniques such as simplex optimization. Applications in chemical analysis include amperometric detector for capillary electrophoresis, and surface plasmon resonance immunosensor.
CHM8349 (CHEM 5304) FREE RADICALS IN CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY (1.5cr.)
Oxidative stress induced by free radicals plays a significant role in most fatal and chronic diseases. The chemistry of bio-radicals will be described and related to pathobiological processes such as lipid peroxdiation and atherosclerosis, protein nitration and cross linking, and DNA scission.
CHM8350 (CHEM 5408) INTRODUCTION TO POLYMER STRUCTURE AND MORPHOLOGY (1.5cr.)
Flexible and rigid rod polymers: effect of molecular constitution and conformation; examples of various polymer architectures and function; the amorphous state and glass transition; the crystalline state: typical crystal structures of polymers; polymorphism; crystallinity and long spacing. Thermal and solvent-induced crystallization; Lamellar and Spherulitic morphology.
CHM8355 (CHEM5000) TRACE ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS USING INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA EMISSION (ICP-ES) AND MASS SPECTROMETRY (ICP-MS) (1.5cr.)
ICP-ES/MS techniques are among the most powerful tools presently available for elemental analysis for a wide range of interests such as environmental, geological and biological applications. The fundamentals, state of the art instrumentation, applications, existing challenges, and new research and developments will be covered.
CHM8351 (CHEM 5409) MORPHOLOGY OF POLYMERS AND COMPOSITES (1.5cr.)
Liquid crystalline state of polymers; morphology of block copolymers and polymer blends; plasticizers and fillers for tailoring properties; depression of glass transition and melting temperature; phase stability of polymer composites; mechanical properties; self assembled systems; polymer nano-composites for electronic devices; common experimental techniques.
CHM8352 (CHEM 5501) ANALYTICAL APPROACH TO CHEMICAL PROBLEMS (1.5cr.)
Case study of analytical approach to various chemical problems in agricultural, biochemical, environmental, food processing, industrial, pharmaceutical and material sciences. Analytical methods include capillary electrophoresis, chemiluminescence, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, biochemical sensors, and fiber optics for remote sensing.
CHM8353 (CHEM 5502) TRACE AND ULTRATRACE ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (3cr.)
Criteria for evaluation and selection of analytical techniques and methods. Electroanalytical techniques. Simultaneous and sequential multielement determination. Atomic absorption, atomic emission and atomic fluorescence spectrometry, using optical spectrometric and mass- spectrometric determination. Applications of these techniques at trace and ultratrace levels in complex matrices.
CHM8354 (CHEM 5503) CHEMICAL SPECIATION IN THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT (3cr.)
Evaluation of analytical techniques and their capability for quantitative determination of chemical species (as opposed to total element-determination) in the natural environment. Electro- chemical techniques for determination of chemical speciation of nutrient and toxicant elements present in the natural environment.
CHM8356 (CHEM5308) PHYSICAL METHODS IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY (1.5cr.)
The characterization of inorganic materials and coordination complexes by electronic absorption and electron paramagnetic spectroscopies, temperature and field dependant magnetic suceptibilities, and crystallogrophy will be examined.